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Life, Politics and the Law From ABC News Correspondent Jan Crawford Greenburg

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“Faith-Based Justices”

April 23, 2007 5:07 PM

“You know what concerns me?” Rosie O’Donnell asked last week on ABC’s morning gabfest, The View.

“How many Supreme Court judges are Catholic, Barbara?”

"Five,” responds host Barbara Walters.

“Five. How about separation of church and state in America?” asks constitutional law scholar Rosie, after the Court’s sweeping decision upholding a federal law banning partial birth abortion.

Barbara counsels against drawing conclusions, saying “we cannot assume that they did it because they’re Catholic.” But the theologian in Rosie can’t help herself.

“If men could get pregnant,”Rosie opines, “abortion would be a sacrament.”

Good heavens. Where does one start? Perhaps with the law the Supreme Court interpreted. It was approved by a bipartisan congressional coalition that included the Republican and Democratic leadership. In all, 17 Senate Democrats voted for it, in addition to 47 Republicans, the vast majority—I think we can assume—who are not Catholic. You could say the five justices in the majority voted to uphold a law that reflected the choices of those legislators, not to mention the some 30 states that previously had imposed similar bans.

It’s not surprising that Rosie’s remarks have taken off like wildfire on talk radio, with conservative commentator Laura Ingraham leading the outcry. After all, it’s Rosie. This is the same person who shocked blacksmiths across the world with her declaration that September 11th was the “first time in history that fire has ever melted steel.” And the woman who implied that the terrorist attacks were an “inside job.” And the person who said “radical Christianity was just as threatening as radical Islam.”

But Rosie’s comments about last week’s 5-4 abortion decision aren’t as isolated as you may like to believe. Respected thinkers, including the former dean of my law school, are contributing to a growing anti-Catholic backlash over Gonzales v. Carhart.

Here’s what Geoffrey Stone, former law school dean and provost at the University of Chicago, had to say:

“All five justices in the majority in Gonzales are Catholic. The four justices who either are Protestant or Jewish all voted in accord with settled precedent. It is mortifying to have to point this out. But it is too obvious, and too telling to ignore,” Stone wrote on the University of Chicago Law School Faculty blog. http://uchicagolaw.typepad.com/faculty/2007/04/our_faithbased_.html

And why is it telling, Dean Stone?

“Ultimately, the five justices in the majority all fell back on a common argument to justify their position. There is, they say, a compelling moral reason for the result in Gonzales,” Stone writes. “By making this judgment, these justices have failed to respect the fundamental difference between religious belief and morality.”

Geoff Stone (and Rosie and the cartoonist for the Philadelphia Inquirer who illustrated similar thoughts last week) is saying that the five justices voted to uphold the law only because of their religious beliefs. It’s only because they are Catholic—Stone, Rosie, et al, argue—that they could possibly interpret the Constitution to allow a federal law Congress passed with broad, bipartisan support. It’s only because the five are Catholic, Stone and Rosie argue, that they could possibly vote to uphold a law that banned an abortion procedure Congress found to be “gruesome” and “inhumane.”

No, the five couldn’t possibly have legal views that that the Constitution doesn’t protect the right to a partial birth abortion.

Here’s a different way of thinking about it: The five justices took a more restrained approach to the law than their colleagues and declined to substitute their own policy preferences for the will of the people.

Stone’s colleague Rick Garnett gets the better of him in a pointed, yet polite, response. http://uchicagolaw.typepad.com/faculty/2007/04/our_faithbased__1.html#more Stone “misses the mark,” Garnett says—even when he was talking about another Catholic Justice, William Brennan, who Stone says got it right.

Stone had clerked for Justice Brennan the year Roe v. Wade was decided. Stone notes that Brennan was the Court’s only Catholic in 1972-73 and that he “struggled…to separate his personal religious views from his views as a justice.”

But Brennan rose above it, Stone writes.  Brennan joined the decision in Roe “because he believed in the separation of church and state and because he was convinced that his religious views must be irrelevant to his responsibilities as a justice.”

“It is sad that Justices Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas and Alito have chosen not to follow this example,” Stone concludes.

The separation of church and state?

That’s not how they taught First Amendment law when I was at the University of Chicago. Nor did they tell us to jump to baseless conclusions without any evidence—such as suggesting religion drove those justices. Or that different religious views influenced the protestant and Jewish justices to vote against the law.

Why not speculate that the five justices in the majority happen to like baseball--and therefore are more inclined to appreciate rules? That’s no less relevant or “telling,” as Stone put it, than their religious views.

And remember that Kennedy also refused to overturn Roe in 1992 in Casey, when he provided the key fifth vote to preserve a constitutional right to abortion. Four conservatives would have reversed Roe then: Rehnquist (Lutheran), White (Episcopalian), Scalia (Catholic) and Thomas (then Episcopalian/now Catholic).

Responding to Stone’s blog, Garnett also points out that the former Dean of his law school—while he’s praising Brennan for allegedly setting aside his religious views on abortion—doesn’t mention Brennan’s views on the death penalty. Brennan sharply opposed it.

“Was he, therefore, a ‘faith-based justice’ when he voted to strike down every death-penalty law in the nation?” Garnett asks.

Well?

April 23, 2007 | Permalink | User Comments (64)

User Comments

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What kind of a game are we playing here? Everybody wants to apply a different monicker to Rosie. Last week it was metallurgist. This week it is theologian, and then somebody else calls her a constututional law scholar. I think that the folks applying these nicknames are just trying to impress others. Other than that, I can't say much for Rosie either.

R M Kraus

Posted by: Robert M Kraus | Apr 23, 2007 9:52:24 PM

Nice summary of the fever swamp over the PBA decision. Conservatives were told we were overreacting to Chuck Schumer's complaint about Bill Pryor's "strongly held beliefs" as crossing a line. Looks like we were right about that all along. And it didn't take long for that meme to repeat itself after last week's decision. The Left will refuse to see your logic about the voting pattern in Casey - they are in a hurry to yell "theocracy" any chance they get, as if that will resonate with average Americans. Actually, Geoff Stone ought to be embarrassed that he finds himself playing the same tune as Rosie O'Donnell. His constitutional analysis reached the same point as Rosie's, and I'm darn sure that Rosie's never read a Supreme Court case from start to finish. I can't wait to hear Pat Leahy denounce this latest anti-Catholic garbage. How long do you think I'll have to wait?

Posted by: Bruce | Apr 23, 2007 11:30:09 PM

"Why not speculate that the five justices in the majority happen to like baseball--and therefore are more inclined to appreciate rules? That’s no less relevant or “telling,” as Stone put it, than their religious views."

This seems weak. It seems to me that Professor Stone's speculation is, at once, more relevant and less speculative and, therefore, much more telling than yours is.

Stone's speculation is less speculative than yours because it isn't speculation that the five Justices in the majority were Catholic, only that it was their Catholicity that made them decide as they did. As for your speculation, is it a fact that those same Justices are baseball fans? Perhaps. Perhaps not. You see? Whereas Stone's begins with an established fact and proceeds to a plausible speculation, yours begins with a speculation as well as ends with one. At least Professor Stone has a basis in fact (that the five in the majority were Catholic) for his speculation and so his speculation is nowhere near as speculative as yours is.

However, let us, for the sake of argument, assume that the five Justices in the majority were baseball fans and further assume that they are sticklers for the rules in the game of baseball, it seems much easier to believe that a baseball fan, especially a Roman Catholic one, might, in his judicial rulings, abandon his insistence on rules when it comes to abortion matters than to believe that a Catholic could vote against his Church's doctrinal stance on abortion. Baseball, after all, is just a game. The number of deaths during baseball games over the years is no doubt minuscule compared to the number of deaths during abortions and the rules of baseball probably were irrelevant to any deaths during baseball. Therefore, Professor Stone's speculation seems much more relevant to the outcome in this case than does your speculation

So then, not only is your speculation twice as speculative as Prof. Stone's, it is also nowhere near as telling.

You are right that Professor Stone's speculation is just that. It is just that Stone's speculation is much more relevant than yours and much less speculative.

Posted by: Craig R. Harmon | Apr 24, 2007 12:21:36 AM

Scratch an American academic, including many Catholic ones, and one discovers someone who has a problem with the existence of Catholicism.

Posted by: John Schuh | Apr 24, 2007 3:21:43 AM

Thank you, Ms Greenburg, for calling Stone on his pompous, self-serving bloviations.

Posted by: David P. Lyons | Apr 24, 2007 4:06:43 AM

From your comments above, I notice that Thomas is a convert to Catholicism and theis happened after he joined the court. So obviously, if one adheres to the Know-Nothing bigotry, he must have been a leftist, revisionist hereo before. Yeah, that's what I remember about Thomas, that time when he was a darling of the left, his pre-Catholic days.

Posted by: Bruce in Iloilo | Apr 24, 2007 5:27:45 AM

Yes, I agree with the sentiment of this post. I'm glad Garnett responded as well.

If the majority depended on Catholic dogma for their conclusions, then mentions of their Catholicism would be legitimate. But they didn't.

It would be equally illegitimate to remark that the dissenters are Jewish and Episcopalian and rely on their religion for their conclusions.

It's also funny that Stone accuses (with no evidence) some serious heavy-weights of deferring to their religion. He is the intellectual inferior of at least Scalia and Roberts, to be sure. None of the justices -- either of the left or right -- need their religion to guide their constitutional conclusions.

Posted by: mm | Apr 24, 2007 5:33:06 AM

"No, the five couldn’t possibly have legal views that that the Constitution doesn’t protect the right to a partial birth abortion."

Via the constitution, the people never gave the federal government the authority to regulate abortion, either. No one has been able to show me in Article I, Section 8 where congress (bipartisanly or not) derived it's authority for this act.

Posted by: Sean M. | Apr 24, 2007 8:16:30 AM

Excellent simple analysis, pointing out the obvious that so many seem to have forgotten. We have 3 branches of government, not an Oligarchy. The Supreme Court is to interpret the law based on it constitutionality, not on the opinions of the day, either in the populance or in international legal circles and opinions. Legislation is the role of Congress, and not that of the Court.

Posted by: Russell | Apr 24, 2007 8:39:19 AM

If the argument is that Catholic's are biased toward one ruling and cannot decide the issue objectively, couldn't another argument be made that WOMEN are too close to the issue and should recuse themselves from ruling on such cases?

Posted by: Kilroy | Apr 24, 2007 9:37:21 AM

“If men could get pregnant,”Rosie opines, “abortion would be a sacrament.”

I hate that line, perhaps Rosie should read "Lives of the Saints" to see what pain men (and women) suffered for their faith.

Posted by: monkeyboy | Apr 24, 2007 9:53:15 AM

>Via the constitution, the people never gave the federal government the authority to regulate abortion, either. No one has been able to show me in Article I, Section 8 where congress (bipartisanly or not) derived it's authority for this act.

MM - the justices specifically said they could not address the question of a commerce clause challenge because it was not raised below.

I agree - not only is there no Constitutional right to an abortion, there is no Congressional power to regulate abortion either. The whole thing should be a state issue.

Posted by: kjgf | Apr 24, 2007 11:01:04 AM

The "Subscribe to this blog's feed" does not seem to be working. Please fix. Thank you!

Posted by: George Christy | Apr 24, 2007 11:07:24 AM

"You are right that Professor Stone's speculation is just that. It is just that Stone's speculation is much more relevant than yours and much less speculative."

A speculation cannot be more or less speculative, no more than a person can be more or less dead. A speculation can be more or less reasonable, but no, not speculative.

The fact that you are illiterate casts a shadow on the validity of your response.

Posted by: rightwingprof | Apr 24, 2007 12:43:07 PM

Thank you for challenging the unfortunately common habit of some to characterize a justice and his or her entire capacity for reasoning based upon a singular personal characteristic. People are much more complex than that, and I think we should give judges on both sides of the political spectrum more credit--assuming that they are seeking to honor and follow the law and our Constitution.

Posted by: Lori Kepner | Apr 24, 2007 1:23:32 PM

"If states are going to be allowed to set up more roadblocks to safe abortions, then those states should also be forced to provide adequate monetary support for the child that's eventually born."

You're talking as if legal changes would have come about entirely apart from changes in attitude about the unborn. Really, such a scenario would signal that the unborn had come to be viewed as worthy of protection in law. Thus, abortions would be understood as very unsafe indeed.

The state does not currently reward parents for protecting their children -- to the contrary, it's a basic expectation. I can't imagine why it should be otherwise if the culture came to value unborn life too.

Posted by: rasqual | Apr 24, 2007 2:28:49 PM

Medicine-Religion and Politics don't mix well.
The five practicing Catholics on the Supreme Court voted to uphold the ban on "Dilation and Extraction" passed by a Republican Congress, which was practicing medicine without a license, going against the advice of the American Medical Association and the College of Obstetrics. Moreover, in allowing the lack of concern for the health of the mother, makes the fetus responsible for her death if it occurs!
Or is it Congress that will be responsible?
Considering that the Justices are in charge of judging their own conflicts of interest, letting their religious faith influence a decision is not a long step. How much it takes to come to a judgment of letting a mother die in favor of a disabled fetus should be governed by logic and NOT the religious faith and politics of those who passed the law in the first place. Congressional action was based on politics, faith and partisanship, not good medicine, or common sense.

Posted by: Gunther Steinberg | Apr 24, 2007 2:59:29 PM

The problem with Stone's remark is that it is speculation which he puts forward as an assertion and settles on as a conclusion in one broad sweep.

No proof is offered. To me, he's just showing his contempt for a reasoning public. So he's a former college dean and provost at the U. of Chicago. That just causes me to hold U. of Chicago in less regard.

Besides, I'm not impressed with a lawyer, particularly a former dean and provost, who is so easily mortified.

Posted by: Dusty | Apr 24, 2007 3:02:08 PM

“If men could get pregnant,”Rosie opines, “abortion would be a sacrament.”

As far as I can tell, it *is* a sacrament for the Democratic party, and for the likes of Rosie O'Donnell.

Posted by: Seamus | Apr 24, 2007 3:51:46 PM

If you take the decision this week at its word, it is not premised on a belief that the Constitution fails to protect a right to choose abortion, but instead on the belief that the Constitution does in fact give women a right to make the ultimate choice as to whether to have an abortion, but that the State has such a strong interest in "protecting life" that it can secondguess, cajole, and intimidate women into making the better, "life protective" decision. To hold that position, one needs to have a moral conviction that the choice to have an abortion in all but the most tragic circumstances is an atrocious mistake (not to mention a fundamental distrust for women as autonomous decisionmakers). The fact that a majority of the Court now bases the law on such a bald and controversial moral position certainly should focus our attention on where the Justices in the majority get their sense of moral certainty. Interrogating their common religious tradition is a plausible place to start.

Posted by: leftwingprof | Apr 24, 2007 4:35:15 PM

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