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Ned Potter is the science correspondent for ABC's "World News with Charles Gibson." He has reported on such topics as space exploration, the human genome and climate change.

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Transit of Earth

July 18, 2008 12:41 PM

31 million miles from Earth, NASA's Deep Impact spacecraft has taken a look back at us -- at just the right moment.  In a time-lapse movie from May 29, it shows a transit -- a passage of the Moon across the face of the Earth.  We think you'll agree it's very cool.

There's more information HERE from the University of Maryland, which runs the mission for NASA. (NOTE, added Saturday: you can also find different formats there of the video, without the commercial that plays with our embedded version.  My apologies to those who were annoyed by it.)

The darkness and slightly ruddy color of the Moon are not accidental.  We think of the Moon as a bright disc as it reflects sunlight our way, but in fact lunar soil is much darker than the Earth, with its white clouds and blue oceans.  Apollo astronauts, describing the Moon's color from close-up, often remarked about the...lack of color. 

The movie is very sped-up; it was assembled from images shot fifteen minutes apart.  More information HERE.

Deep Impact made its mark on July 4, 2005, when it sent a probe crashing into a comet and recorded the results.  Even NASA believes in recycling these days: the robot ship has been given a new mission, called EPOXI; it will fly by another comet in 2010.

The University of Maryland says the video is for more than amusement.  Images from the last six months of flight will be used "to characterize the Earth as a planet for comparison with planets around other stars."



Video Credit: Donald J. Lindler, Sigma Space Corporation and NASA/JPL-Caltech/GSFC/UMD

July 18, 2008 | Permalink | Share | User Comments (43)

User Comments

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Elizabeth,
In the course of this transit alone, Earth should have shifted bout 1080 km to the left (24 hrs x 45 km/h, given that the view is at right angle to the orbital motion.) That is almost a third the diameter of the moon, and should certainly be perceptible.

Posted by: Jordan | Jul 18, 2008 4:10:14 PM

Simply magical.... :)

Posted by: Gina | Jul 18, 2008 4:32:32 PM

What is actually visible in the video is a small shift to the left during the actual transit - which is quickly corrected. (Use your mouse pointer as a reference.) This suggests that either (1) the Deep Impact spacecraft is actively maintaining (tracking) Earth alignment - perhaps for communications purposes - or (2) the video has been edited to keep Earth in the center of the frame. But Earth does "wobble" actually several thousand miles each month around the Earth-moon barycenter.

Posted by: Jordan | Jul 18, 2008 4:34:41 PM

beautiful.

Posted by: -UA- | Jul 18, 2008 4:48:02 PM

Also remember that the Deep Impact spacecraft is traveling very fast itself along with the earth and moon who are orbiting our Sun. The camera was probably taking a very wide view of space durring its recording so they would have had a fun time making a video of the moon transit.

Posted by: Greg | Jul 18, 2008 4:53:35 PM

To answer a couple questions:

1) Yes, the Earth wobbles slightly toward the Moon - it's the center of gravity of the Earth-Moon system than smoothly follows the elliptical path around the sun. That center is not near the center of the earth, but near its surface, so we wobble.

2) Yes, the Moon orbits that fast. The Moon makes one complete synodic (real, not apparent) orbit of the Earth in 29.5 days (708 hours). So to move one degree around the earth would take 708/360 = 1.97 hours. The moon is in view from 5:35 to 10:35 – 5 hours. That means it has moved less than 3 degrees in it’s orbit. That seems reasonable for this view.

Posted by: Mickey | Jul 18, 2008 5:07:12 PM

Greg,
Actually, the spacecraft, now renamed EPOXI, appears to be just slightly ahead of and crossing Earth's orbit just now, on an orbit of almost identical period, and its motion relative to Earth may be nearly negligible.

Posted by: Jordan | Jul 18, 2008 5:19:36 PM

I believe the currently-accepted wisdom on the origin of our moon is that it is composed of material ejected when a Mars-sized object collided with the very young Earth, billions of years ago. I recently read something about a study that seemed to confirm that, also. An article by Douglas N. C. Lin in a receint issue of Scientific American magazine ("The Chaotic Genesis of Planets", 5-08) offers a fascinating look into current understanding of the subject. That is science. And for the fundamentalists posting here, one interpretation of Ps 90:4 suggests that one Genesis "creation day" should appear to us to be about 2.2 billion years, so that the universe should seem to be about 13.15 billions years old now (consistent with John 5:17.) That is NOT science at all, but it sure is interesting to this student of the bible.

Posted by: Jordan | Jul 18, 2008 5:36:42 PM

@Soldier: Love the bugs bunny quote.
Good points. If you are as stated in your handle BTW, keep up the good work, and thanks. Cool video also!

Posted by: Supporter | Jul 18, 2008 5:49:12 PM

Lets enjoy the art! Soldier, thanks for serving. I did 24 years and all three of my children are now serving. These are the types of videos we like to send each other. When they kids we always made a vaction out of each PCS. We went camping on the way to the next assignment and spent a lot of time watching stars and plantets. First one to see a satelite got five bucks. I sure miss them!

Posted by: Che | Jul 18, 2008 6:18:32 PM

I think every American kid dreams of being an astronaut when they grow up. What a thrill it must be the first time you sit in the shuttle for take-off, realizing you are moments away from reaching beyond the earth. This video here is the good stuff. Makes us all seem so small!

Posted by: Soldier | Jul 18, 2008 6:27:28 PM

Jordan, et al,
I stand corrected... However, knowing how the movie was made, the images were registered to keep the Earth centered.

Posted by: Elizabeth | Jul 18, 2008 6:29:17 PM

Supporter and Che:

Thanks for the nice things you both said. It means a lot to all of us to hear it even anonymously. Supporter, thanks for watching my six and the great things you have said. Che, thank YOU for your service. It's guys like you that make the country work and NASA possible. Great stories, Che and Supporter.

Posted by: Soldier | Jul 18, 2008 6:29:20 PM

The name of the spacecraft is the Deep Impact flyby spacecraft. It has not been changed to EPOXI. EPOXI is the name of the mission. Confusing (and irritating) I know.

Posted by: Elizabeth | Jul 18, 2008 6:33:59 PM

if "currently-accepted wisdom on the origin of our moon is that it is composed of material ejected when a Mars-sized object collided with the very young Earth, billions of years ago" then how this "accepted wisdom" explains the origination of moons around Jupiter(Io, Europa, Ganymade, Collisto), around Saturn and so on. Is it not too many collisions for moon originations ?

Posted by: Ilya Stavinsky | Jul 18, 2008 7:47:17 PM

ScienceTim here, from the EPOXI team. I can confirm that any wiggles you see in this movie are due to minor defects in the image registration. The Deep Impact spacecraft was not designed for what we are using it for. In particular, that means it does not do a very good job of acquiring and holding an arbitrary pointing, because it was intended to shoot its imaging from short range (a few hundred kilometers instead of several million). The Earth moves all over the place in the raw images, which we have mostly corrected. The Deep Impact camera is not sharply focused and is not focusable due to cost-saving/enhanced reliability measures in the original design -- it may be out of focus, but the focus doesn't change. The original mission did not permit do-overs, so reliability and consistency were paramount. We can digitally correct the poor focus, but it is not a perfectly reliable process. What you see here is the "deconvolved" and registered images.

Posted by: ScienceTim | Jul 19, 2008 12:17:18 AM

very cool video....but do they have to keep playing the same dumb advertisement!!

Posted by: pcortez | Jul 19, 2008 1:18:04 AM

WOW WOW!!!
To be honest, after i saw the vidio my interest to know more about what is going on beyond the earth increases like oil price. and finally all i could say is "WOW!!!"

Posted by: Mulusew | Jul 19, 2008 6:20:46 AM

what if the earth were actualy stationary like the bible suggests?

Posted by: rxgary | Jul 19, 2008 9:05:14 PM

There are a lot of GREAT space pictures, but this (and the picture of the sun taken from the outer planets) are about the greatest space pictures since 'Earthrise' from the moon. I hope there is another 'greatest' very soon.

Posted by: rwsmith29456 | Jul 21, 2008 1:25:17 AM

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