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Tough Love Teen Camps: Lots of Tough, Little Love

October 10, 2007 8:43 AM

Toughloveteen_mn A federal study of "boot camps" and wilderness programs for troubled children has found evidence of hundreds, if not thousands, of allegations of death and physical, sexual and emotional abuse.

One program examined in the report is the Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Program, which operates in Oregon and Nevada. 

The program has been praised by the parents of many troubled teens as a place where tough love worked. ABC News' "Primetime" favorably profiled the program in May 2002.

Photos: Inside Tough Love Teen Camps

One month after that broadcast, the parents of 15-year-old Erica Harvey (pictured) of Phoenix brought her to the program to deal with her depression and drug use.

"She pleaded with us, 'Daddy, please don't make me go,'" her father Michael said in an interview with ABC News Monday. "All my instincts said, 'Leave this place now,' and I didn't trust my instincts."

Within a day, Erica was dead, after collapsing on her first wilderness trip from heat stroke and dehydration.

Click Here for Full Blotter Coverage.

When he heard of his daughter's death, "A knife went through my heart," said Harvey. Michael and his wife, Cynthia, are slated to testify before Congress Tuesday about their daughter's death.

Shortly after Erica's death, two more children died at Freer's Nevada operation, from a heart defect and a falling branch, according to the GAO report. In a statement to ABC News, the Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Program noted that no findings of fault in the students' deaths were made. The program continues to operate in Oregon.

Harvey_071010_mn Click here to read part of Brian Ross' interview with Michael Harvey and his wife Cynthia.

Erica is not the only victim. No national statistics are currently kept, but a 2005 survey by the Department of Health and Human Services found that 33 states had recorded more than 1,600 incidents of abused children in similar programs that year, according to the GAO.

The parents of scores of children who died or were abused in therapy programs and boot camps are now coming forward, on Web sites and in Congress, to demand a crackdown.

Rep. George Miller, D-Calif., has pushed to improve oversight of the programs. Miller asked the Government Accountability Office to study allegations and cases of negligent deaths and abuse in such programs, and will chair the hearing.

The GAO's findings appalled him, he said.

"Kids being forced to eat their own vomit, to eat dirt, to not be allowed to go to the bathroom...all in the idea that somehow this is building character," he said.

Good Morning America Video: Boot Camp: Tough Love or Abuse?

The parents of 16-year-old Aaron Bacon of Arizona say abuse at a wilderness camp in Utah led to the death of their son in 1994.

Aaron "began to complain of a stomach ache, and they called him a faker and a slacker," Sally Bacon told ABC News. "He was in so much pain that he could not carry his pack...They humiliated him, called him names and decided that since he couldn't carry his pack, his food was in his pack so he would go without food."

Like the Harveys, the Bacons will also testify at Tuesday's hearing, chaired by Rep. Miller.

Aaron lost 23 pounds in his month at the camp before he died, because no one realized he had an infected, perforated ulcer, the GAO said. The condition "would have been treatable provided there had been early medical attention," the report states. A draft of the report was obtained by ABC News.

After Aaron's death, the state of Utah revoked the program's operating license, and the program closed three months later, the GAO reports.   

Bacon_071010_mn Click here to read part of Brian Ross' interview with Sally Bacon and her husband Bob.

A spokesperson for the industry's association says such deaths are tragic and agrees new regulations are needed so that good programs can continue to operate.

"We cannot afford to take these away from the parents as an option," Jan Moss, president of the National Association of Therapeutic Schools and Programs. "However, they must be regulated."

But the GAO investigation also found many programs lack the trained counselors or therapeutic procedures they promise.

In February 2001, the parents of 14-year-old Ryan Lewis took him to an outdoor therapy program in West Virginia after he was diagnosed with clinical depression and twice attempted suicide. The program billed itself as being especially prepared to handle cases like Ryan's, the Lewises told ABC News.

One day after threatening to kill himself, Ryan was left alone, accused of being manipulative. 

"That night at approximately 7:30 in the evening, he walked off by himself to his camp site and he hung himself," Paul Lewis recounted.

Paul and his wife found out later that despite the operation's marketing, the program Ryan attended had no procedures for handling suicidal behavior by its enrollees.

Lewis_071010_mn Click here to read part of Brian Ross' interview with Paul Lewis.



Justin Rood contributed to this report.

This post has been updated.

Do you have a tip for Brian Ross and the Investigative Team?

October 10, 2007 | Permalink | User Comments (66)

User Comments

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Why was sexual abuse mentioned in the opening paragraph but no examples cited in the body of the story? You cited examples of the other allegations. It seems to me that emotional and physical abuse isn't juicy enough so you just toss in sexual abuse.

Posted by: Jayson | Oct 10, 2007 9:30:10 AM

There have been reports of thousands of deaths and abuse in group facilities which we call "schools". At one particular "school" in Virginia, a student was so abused and humiliated that he killed 32 of his fellow "school" attenders. At one particular Colorado "school", a teacher engaged in sex with a student there. At one particular Beverly Hills school, a girl was taunted so much by other girls about her sartorial choices that she had "the worst day EVER!". We should close all these "schools" and "universities". That should solve the problem. :)

Posted by: Sean O'Brien | Oct 10, 2007 9:36:56 AM

camps for delinquents run by delinquents. who do the children have to turn to if not the adults?

Posted by: don5887 | Oct 10, 2007 9:40:46 AM

Unfortunately, this is nothing new. Since the 1970's, there have been many documented cases of these tough "love" groups abusing children and teenagers. Some warning signs that a camp or rehab is abusive: If they encourage you to lie to get your kids to one of these programs; if your kid is not free to communicate with you regularly; if any permitted communication between your child and you is screened or monitored by the staff; if the goals of the program are not clearly understandable; or if your son or daughter does not see a licensed therapist regularly while in the program. Most importantly, if you love your son or daughter, and you have a bad feeling about a group: listen to your instincts. No number of warning signs is going to be enough if you allow the staff of a group to convince you to ignore your instincts.

Posted by: Skeptimal | Oct 10, 2007 10:07:18 AM

Yes, I have a comment. How about these parents try PARENTING, instead of paying someone else to supposedly straighten out the child that they failed at? They allowed their child to become out of control, then expect these crackpot tough love camp people to fix it. Typical. Throw money at it and wash your hands, let someone else fix it. I'm disgusted. If your child is suicidal, they need psychological therapy...not boot camp.

Posted by: Sharon | Oct 10, 2007 10:27:34 AM

Brian, I just had my son sent to a Wilderness program in Utah. How can I find out if they have had any reports against them?

Posted by: Connie Valeri | Oct 10, 2007 11:24:25 AM

Jayson,
To get more info on sex abuse of teens in these "tough love" places, check out Maia Szalavitz's book "Help at Any Cost: How the Troubled Teen Industry Cons Parents and Hurts Kids." This important issue needs to be reported on much more, and this industry regulated. Nail salons have more gov't oversight than these places where people just dump their difficult teens.

Posted by: Sherrie B. | Oct 10, 2007 11:30:51 AM

Why is there not more oversight by the states regarding these so-called camps even if they are privately owned? Surely they need licensed by the states. They sound like traps to me, run by sadistic personnel who found the perfect outlet for their perversions. Either they should be strictly supervised or shut down. How is this country allowing these places to abuse and murder our young people? Isn't there enough of that going on without those parents being duped into paying for their kids to be abused and murdered? What is this country coming to when we can't even protect our young people?

Posted by: Ron | Oct 10, 2007 11:39:45 AM

I can't believe these parents are blaming everyone else???? Yes, I agree try being a PARENT and not a friend to your children. A lot of these kids had medical issues before going to these camps and then they close the schools down. My opinion is these type of schools should NOT even exist. They should be called I failed as a parent and now it is someone else turn.....Oh and don't blame me if something goes wrong..

Posted by: amazed | Oct 10, 2007 11:54:24 AM

I have a few things to say. I have been working in this industry since 88. there are bad programs and good programs. I worked for a bad program early on and they were shut down. I worked for them because someone sane had to. it started out good and as the good people left it got bad.

Posted by: seeker | Oct 10, 2007 11:56:34 AM

Our daughter completed 2 sessions (6 weeks this summer) in a wilderness program and is now enrolled in a therapeutic boarding school and doing well. It was a wonderful experience for her and for us. We didn't want to send her and, of course, she didn't want to go. We had no choice and neither do hundreds of parents who have tried everything else (yes, even parenting) and just want their child to stay alive. It's a tough subject; a tough decision.

Posted by: scott clar | Oct 10, 2007 11:56:37 AM

Don't send your kids to these places. Raise them yourself and quit expecting other to do your job. If you don't know how to raise kids, don't have them.

Posted by: Doug | Oct 10, 2007 12:12:16 PM

I am the mother of one these boys and for someone like Sharon who has not had
to deal with this they should not be so judgemental. My son's father and myself have tried everything to get him help and yes he has had difficulty from the time he was 2 years old to 16. There were peaks were he was well behaved then there were times were he was a holy terror. We love our son and want what is best for him and I would rather see my son who seems to be at a great facility then at prison or jail. WE have tried to be good parents to him and love him dearly yes I would rather have home with us. It easy to say what you would do when you do not have to make that choice.

Posted by: Parent of Out of Control Teen | Oct 10, 2007 12:19:23 PM

I never have had good feelings about these camps. There is just something wrong with the idea that if you take a misbehaving kid and bully him enough, that will somehow make him into a "man" (or a "woman", for that matter.) Bully a bully, and you simply train him or her how to be a more successful bully. But let full-grown adults bully a mis-diagnosed, actually compliant but deeply insecure child, and you may well kill him. Actual military boot camps involve concerted bullying for the specific purpose of forging a cohesive military force: the ultimate bullying machine. But any way you look at it, it is all still bullying.

Posted by: Jordan | Oct 10, 2007 12:53:41 PM

My daughter was diagnosed w/depression at age 11. We began therapy and medications and never stopped trying to help her. We contiuned to do our very best even after a suicide attempt. When she began self-medicating w/illegal drugs, alcohol and 2 episodes of running away overnight, we found out about the Catherine Freer Wilderness Progam in Oregon.(she was 16) After 6 weeks in the progam she is now in a wonderful theraputic prepatory school in Idaho. A few weeks ago we recieved a letter from her thanking us for sending her to the wilderness and to the school she is at now. She said she is finally happy and cannot imagine where she would be now had we not done what we did. I am so sorry for the families who lost their children, but must give hope to others who may be saved like our daughter has been thanks to these programs.
One note to "Skeptical" and "Ron": I would love to hear your recipe for "perfect parenting".May you never have to walk in the shoes my husband and I had to walk in this past year.

Posted by: paula c | Oct 10, 2007 1:08:22 PM

Even the best of these programs are in it to make money. Making money and taking care of kids is antithetical. They wind up merely being warehouses for kids. And, to warehouse them at the cheapest price, they use brainwashing techniques reminiscent of the Korean War era to make the kids docile and more easily warehoused. They pitch a good story to the parents so they can suck the money out of their pockets. Most of the people operating therapeutic boarding schools should be put in jail for physical and emotional child abuse.

Posted by: Disgusted Parent | Oct 10, 2007 1:10:42 PM

These stories are so sad. There is an alternative. I was sent to a wilderness program at the age of 14. It was not a boot camp, but a 3 week wilderness survival program. Things I learned there I still use in my life today at 36 years old. Anyone considering a boot camp or a tough love program might consider the program I went through. Many years ago when I was there, it was called School of Urban and Wilderness Survival. The instructors were wonderful, patients "teachers" who truly wanted to help. I checked out the

Posted by: Diana | Oct 10, 2007 1:16:19 PM

is anyone accredited in anything at these things? like license psychiatrists? doctors? educators? counselors? it seems like a group of adults looking for a lucrative business with no supervision from anyone has found it. open up one of these, build cabins, have few accomodations (to build character), the most basic food staples..nothing expensive, the kids do all the chores (to build character) and make a killing in "tuition" and scream at the kids into submission and ignore them when they are really in pain or ill health.

Posted by: emmarose | Oct 10, 2007 1:18:24 PM

Why is this just comming out. I was a ward of the state for 6 years and have witnessed things to make any human hair stand that goes on in the boot camps and the State run himes. The thing they do is hush it right up and close down the facility. I was a troubled rebellious teenage who really just needed some positive people in my life and went a little wild and was turned into the custody of DFY what a joke I know girls who have deep mental and physical scars that to this day have never healed. I have seen childrn being kicked in their heads, hit, humilated, tortured, spit on, made to sit in a corner for months on end, handcuffed, starved, not taken to the doctors, you name it I saw it and it will be with me the rest of my life as if it was yesterday. This is sad and the sad thing is everyone can read about it everyone can be angry but IT NEVER CHANGES. I was lucky in the fact I had parents who cared I just did not did I mention I went in as a young juvenile pins and left a convict? I got my life back on track and went on the right path that the state could of easily put me on but failed as my care taker. What a joke but the joke is on them I remember everything names places incidents you name it I remember. They would send in investigators and we were to scared to talk and the investigators later told us they knew. Your tax money is helping abuse these children who will one day be your neighbor, friend, son in law, daughter in law, you all should be ashames we are running a system like a 3rd world country!Parent I knwo there is tough love but be really careful and listen to your children and for the children who do not have parents write, write to everyone and anyone and then come back on them and point your finger becuase they knew and did not care!

Posted by: robin | Oct 10, 2007 1:21:45 PM

I have to agree with those who say raise your children yourself. Good parenting starts at Day One, and if that does not actually work on your child, then it is likely they have a problem that "boot camp" can't solve. There's nothing they can do for your child that you cannot. Children are not "one size fits all" and half the time, if you notice, the deaths and incidents resulted from the counselors at these camps thinking they knew it all, that the kid was just lying/sandbagging/etc. They were not, in other words, listening. If you truly did the right thing as a parent, then the only condition that should cause your child to be uncontrollable is something chemical or deeply psychological, in which case you need a psychiatrist or a doctor, not some nutter who never achieved his dream of becoming a marine drill sergeant.

Posted by: Elmagico | Oct 10, 2007 1:40:49 PM

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